Public health and social measures (PHSMs) are being implemented across the globe to suppress SARS-CoV-2 transmission and reduce mortality and morbidity from COVID-19. PHSMs include vaccination, personal protective measures (e.g. physical distancing, avoiding crowded settings, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, mask-wearing); environmental measures (e.g. cleaning, disinfection, ventilation); surveillance and response measures (e.g. testing, genetic sequencing, contact tracing, Isolation, and quarantine); physical distancing measures (e.g., regulating the number and flow of people attending gatherings, maintaining distance in public or workplaces, domestic movement restrictions); and international travel-related measures.

Quarantine - Anyone who has had close contact with someone with COVID-19 should quarantine for 14 days after their last exposure to that person, except if they meet the following conditions:

1. Fully vaccinated who shows no symptoms of COVID-19 does not need to quarantine.

2. Fully vaccinated who had close contacts with an infected case should:

• Wear a mask indoors in public for 14 days following exposure or until a negative test result.
• Get tested 3-5 days after close contact with someone with suspected or confirmed COVID-19.
• Get tested and isolate immediately if experiencing COVID 19 symptoms.

Isolation - Given COVID 19 is primarily transmitted by close contact with infectious individuals, Isolation is used to separate people infected with COVID-19 from those who are not infected. People who are in Isolation should stay home until it's safe for them to be around others. At home, anyone sick or infected should separate from others, stay in a specific "sick room" or area, and use a separate bathroom (if available). Isolated individual should:

• Monitor their symptoms. If they have an emergency sign, including trouble breathing, seek emergency medical care immediately.
• Stay in a separate room from other household members, if possible.
• Use a separate bathroom, if possible.
• Avoid contact with other members of the household and pets.
• Don't share personal household items, like cups, towels, and utensils.
• Wear a mask when around other people if able.

EU case definition of close contact is:

• A person living in the same household as a COVID-19 case;
• A person having had direct physical contact with a COVID-19 case (e.g. shaking hands);
• A person having unprotected direct contact with infectious secretions of a COVID-19 case (e.g. being coughed on, touching used paper tissues with a bare hand);
• A person has had face-to-face contact with a COVID-19 case within 2 meters and > 15 minutes;
• A person who was in a closed environment (e.g., classroom, meeting room, hospital waiting room, etc.) with a COVID-19 case for 15 minutes or more and at a distance of fewer than 2 meters;
• A healthcare worker (HCW) or other person providing direct care for a COVID-19 case, or laboratory workers handling specimens from a COVID-19 case without recommended personal protective equipment (PPE) or with a possible breach of PPE;
• Contact in an aircraft sitting within two seats (in any direction) of the COVID-19 case travel companions or persons providing care. Crew members serving in the section of the aircraft where the index case was seated (if the severity of symptoms or movement of the case indicates more extensive exposure, passengers seated in the entire section or all passengers on the aircraft may be considered close contacts).