Contact tracing - Once suspected, or confirmed cases are reported, it is essential to trace their contacts to identify other cases and attempt to curb the spread of the disease. Contact tracing is done by asking infected individuals to list all the people they have been in contact with. If the reported case has already died, this can be done by talking to a proxy (e.g., relative).

Active case searching – An active search for new cases may also be implemented. In some circumstances, it may be relevant to undertake Antigenic mass testing in the research for clusters. The practicalities of different approaches reflect the specific context in which the outbreak is occurring.

Surveillance – Short-term and longer-term surveillance systems may also be put in place (where they do not already exist).